Publications

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Uzun-Teker, Ezgi (2024) "The EU's global strategic partner(ship): a tool for the maturation of European foreign policy?", European Security, Vol.33, No.3, 426-448 (SSCI)

İkizoğlu Erensü, Aslı (2024) "Appearing to disappear: ordering visibility in a Turkish border spectacle", Media, Culture and Society, Vol.46, No.3, 534-551 (SSCI)

Özbay, Cenk and İpekçi, İlkan Can (2024) "State-led antigender politics, Islamism, and the university: experiences of gender studies scholars in Turkey", Journal of Middle East Women's Studies, Vol.20, No.1, 89-110 (SSCI)

Atçıl, Abdurrahman and Markiewicz, Christopher (2024) "Shari'a and governance in Ottoman Egypt: the waqf controversy in the mid-sixteenth century", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol.56, No.1, 55-74 (SSCI)

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem (2023) "Turkey's influence as a third country on the European Union: from association to a key partner", Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol.61, No.6, 1471-1487 (SSCI)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Kutlay, Mustafa and Keyman, Fuat (2023) "How Erdogan rules through crisis", Journal of Democracy, Vol.34, No.4, 80-93 (SSCI)

Çağatay, Selin and Göker, Zeynep Gülru and Hünler, Olga Selin and Polatdemir, Aslı (2023) "Collective resilience and resistance in hybrid times: gender struggles in Germany, Turkey and Sweden". Published Online First https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2226362

Özbay, Cenk and Candan, Ayfer Bartu (2023) "Intersectionality and feminist/queer student activism in authoritarian Turkey", International Feminist Journal of Politics, Vol.25, No.4, 664-686 (SSCI)

Kuru, Mehmet (2023) "Dijital beşerî bilimler: yapay zeka ve biz", Toplumsal Tarih, Vol.352 (NA)

Rumelili, Bahar and Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Gülmez, Seçkin Barış (2023) "Gendering public diplomacy: Turkey and Europe in the 1930s", Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol.25, No.2, 239-256 (SSCI)

Erol, Emre (2023) "You say "muhacir" and I say "mübadil"", The Lausanne Project (NA)

Özbay, Cenk (2022) "Living like a hetero: Southern homonormativity in Istanbul", Sexualities, Vol.25, No.8, 1058-1076 (SSCI)

Altınordu, Ateş (2022) "Türkiye'de sivil din: engeller ve fırsatlar", Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol.25, No.3, 397-414 (NA)

Akcan, Aysu and Taşdemir, Esma Fatıma Bilgin and Kızılırmak, Fırat and Kuru, Mehmet and Öncel, Fatma and Yanıkoğlu, Berrin (2022) "Akis: transcription software of Ottoman-Turkish texts using deep learning", Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, Vol.9, No.2, 43-48 (NA)

Atçıl, Abdurrahman and Kami, Gürzat (2022) "Studying professional careers as hierarchical networks: a case study on the careers of chief judges in the Ottoman Empire (1516–1622)", Journal of Historical Network Research, No.7, 1-32 (NA)

Erol, Emre (2022) "The founding generations' representatives in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (1920–50): visualizing and analyzing the refugee experience with digital humanities", Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, Vol.9, No.2, 97-101 (NA)

Yeğen, Oya (2022) "Şili'de yeni anayasa yapma deneyimi", Toplum ve Bilim, Vol.160, 198-221 (NA)

Göker, Zeynep Gülru and Çelik, Ayşe Betül (2022) "Women's dialogic encounters: agonistic listening and emotions in multiple-identity conflicts", Third World Quarterly (SI), Vol.43, No.6, 1251-1269 (SSCI)

Kuru, Mehmet (2022) "Ezop Alla Turca: tanzimat öncesi döneme ait Ezop tercümelerinin kültürel çeviri bağlamında incelenmesi", Nesir: Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol.2, 159-170 (NA)

Özbay, Cenk (2022) "State homophobia, sexual politics, and queering the Boğaziçi resistance", South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol.121, No.1, 199-209 (SSCI, AHCI)

Altınordu, Ateş (2021) "Divine warning or prelude to secularization? Religion, politics, and the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey", Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review (SI), Vol.82, No.4, 447-470 (SSCI, AHCI)

Şimga, Hülya and Göker, Zeynep Gülru (2021) "Women's perceptions on peace and justice: the case of the Kurdish issue in Turkey", Women's Studies International Forum, Vol.87 (SSCI)

Çelik, Ayşe Betül and Göker, Zeynep Gülru (2021) "Dialogue in polarized societies: women's encounters with multiple others", New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol.64, 31-54 (SSCI)

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Müftüler, Canan (2021) "Provocation defence for femicide in Turkey: the interplay of legal argumentation and societal norms", European Journal of Women's Studies, Vol.28, No.2, 159-174 (SSCI)

Göker, Zeynep Gülru (2021) "Demokrasiyi uygulayarak öğrenme: müzakere, katılım ve toplumsal cinsiyet", Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.20, No.2, 862-882 (NA)

Özbay, Cenk (2021) "Bir queer mekan olarak park", beyond.istanbul (Mekânda Adalet ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet), Vol.10, 76-80 (NA)

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem (2021) "Turkey's grand strategy in the context of global and regional challenges", Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, Vol.25, No.2, 178-202 (NA)

Ozil, Ayşe (2020) "A traveller in one's homeland: local interest in archaeology and travel writing in the Ottoman Greek world in 19th century Anatolia", Adalya, Vol.23, 497-515 (AHCI)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Rumelili, Bahar and Gülmez, Seçkin Barış (2020) "Turkey as a model for the Mediterranean? Revealing discursive continuities with Europe's imperial past", Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies (SI), Vol.22, No.6, 741-762 (SSCI, AHCI)

Göker, Zeynep Gülru (2020) "Özenli vatandaşlık: feminist özen etiğini yeniden politikleştirmek", Journal for Women's Studies, Vol.21, No.1, 89-106 (NA)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem (2020) "Can non-democracies support international democracy? Turkey as a case study", Third World Quarterly, Vol.41, No.2, 264-283 (SSCI)

Kadıoğlu, Ayşe (2019) "What stories does Europe tell? A view from Turkey", CES Open Forum Series (NA)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Rumelili, Bahar (2019) "Discourse analysis: strengths and shortcomings", All Azimuth, Vol.8, No.2, 285-305 (ESCI)

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem (2019) "Backsliding in judicial reforms: domestic political costs as limits to EU's political conditionality in Turkey", Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Vol.27, No.1, 61-76 (SSCI)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Balta, Evren (2018) "When elites polarize over polarization: framing the polarization debate in Turkey", New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol.59, 109-133 (SSCI)

Cihangir Tetik, Damla and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem (2018) "Turkey's compliance with the European Union's development policy: a pattern of external differentiated integration?", Journal of European Integration, Vol.40, No.7, 939-959 (SSCI)

Özbay, Cenk and Savcı, Evren (2018) "Queering commons in Turkey", GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Vol.24, No.4, 516-521 (SSCI)

Göker, Zeynep Gülrü (2018) "Gender, care and welfare: can caretakers allowances or basic income promote gender equality?", Kadın/Woman 2000: Journal of Women's Studies, Vol.19, No.1, 115-130 (NA)

Özbay, Cenk (2018) "İstanbullu homonormativite ve üst-orta sınıf gey erkekler", Cogito: Bugünün Distopyası, Vol.90, 241-250 (NA)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem (2018) "Legitimizing Europe in contested settings: Europe as a normative power in Turkey?", Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol.56, No.3, 612-627 (SSCI)

Aydın Düzgit, Senem (2018) "Foreign policy and identity change: analysing perceptions of Europe among the Turkish public", Politics (SI), Vol.38, No.1, 19-34 (SSCI)

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem (2017) "Turkey's future with the European Union: an alternative model of differentiated integration", Turkish Studies, Vol.18, No.3, 416-438 (SSCI)

Altınordu, Ateş Ali (2017) "A Midsummer Night's Coup: Performance and power in Turkey's July 15 Coup attempt", Qualitative Sociology, Vol.40, No.2, 139-164 (SSCI)

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem (2017) "Assessing Turkey's foreign policy choices towards the European Union", Insight Turkey, Vol.19, No.1, 117-134 (NA)

Altınordu, Ateş (2016) "The political incorporation of anti-system religious parties: the case of Turkish political Islam (1994–2011)", Qualitative Sociology, Vol.39, No.2, 147-171 (SSCI)

Özil, Ayşe (2015) "Skyscrapers of the past and their shadows: a social history of urbanity in late Ottoman Istanbul", International Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol.21, No.1-2, 75-94 ()

Hatipoğlu, Emre and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Murphy, Teri Lynne (2014) "Simulation games in teaching international relations: insights from a multi-day, multi-stage, multi-issue simulation on Cyprus", International Studies Perspectives, Vol.15, No.4, 394-406 (SSCI)

Erol, Emre, Foçateyn: Foça'nın büyük dönüşümü, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, March 2023

"Toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden: Türkiye'de göç araştırmaları, Biehl Öztuzcu, Kristen and Danış, Didem (eds.), İstanbul: SU Gender Publications, March 2020

Parliamentary cooperation and diplomacy in EU external relations: an essential companion, Raube, Kolja and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Wouters, Jan (eds.), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, May 2019

Özbay, Cenk, Queering sexualities in Turkey: gay men, male prostitutes and the city, London, UK: I.B. Tauris, May 2017

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, Divergent pathways: Turkey and the European Union: re-thinking the dynamics of Turkish-European Union relations, Leverkusen Opladen, Germany: Verlag Barbara Budrich, January 2016

Global Turkey in Europe II: energy, migration, civil society and citizenship issues in Turkey-EU relations, Aydın-Düzgit, Senem and Huber, Daniela and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Keyman, Fuat and Tasci, Jan and Tocci, Nathalie (eds.), Rome: Nuova Cultura, April 2014

Atçıl, Abdurrahman, Science without leisure: practical naturalism in Istanbul, 1660-1732, by Küçük, Harun, ISIS: A Journal of the History of Science Society, Vol.112, No.3, September 2021, 606-607

Aydın Düzgit, Senem, Turkey-west relations: the politics of intra-alliance opposition, by Dursun-Özkanca, Oya, Perspectives on Politics, Vol.19, No.1, February 2021, 330-331

Altınordu, Ateş, The politics of secularism: religion, diversity, and institutional change in France and Turkey, by Akan, Murat, New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol.62, No.Articl, May 2020, 126-129

Ozil, Ayşe, Ex Occidente Lux? Hellenization and Orientalism in the Ottoman Empire (mid-19th c. - early 20th c.), by Exertzoglou, Haris and Stamatopoulos, Dimitris and King, Charles, Memory Studies (SI), Vol.12, No.5, October 2019, 593-597

Aydın Düzgit, Senem, Popular music and multimodal critical discourse analysis: ideology, control and resistance in Turkey Since 2002, by Lyndon C. S. Way, by Johnson, Lyndon, Journal of Language and Politics, May 2019

Özil, Ayşe, Greek Orthodox music in Ottoman Istanbul: nation and community in the era of reform, by Erol, Merih, American Historical Review, Vol.121, No.5, December 2016, 1786-1787

Altınordu, Ateş, Multiple modernities and postsecular societies, by Rosati, Massimo and Stoeckl, Kristina, Insight Turkey, Vol.16, No.1 2014, 210-214

Yeğen, Oya, "Disempowerment and attempts of self-empowerment: the case of Istanbul municipality", Reclaiming Democracy in Cities, Coşkun, Gülçin and İnal-Çekiç, Tuba and Tombuş, Ertuğ (eds.), New York: Routledge, March 2024, 134-154

Atçıl, Abdurrahman and Günaydın, Salih and Kami, Gürzat and Karaarslan, Abdullah, "Ulema veri tabanı: yaklaşım, veri modeli, imkanlar ve gelecek vizyonu", Dijital Beşeri Bilimler ve Osmanlı Çalışmaları, Uğur, Yunus (ed.), Istanbul: Vakıfbank Kültür Yayınları, December 2023, 95-116

Erol, Emre, "Solidarity and diversity: the Gezi protests", A Hundred Years of Republican Turkey: A History in a Hundred Fragments, Yenen, Alp and Zürcher, Erik-Jan (eds.), Leiden: Leiden University Press, October 2023, 489-494

Kadıoğlu, Ayşe and Cengiz, Bengi Ruken, "Imperious nationalism in new Turkey: foreign policy discourses in the AKP's electoral manifestos", A Companion to Modern Turkey's Centennial: Political, Sociological, Economic and Institutional Transformations since 1923, Özerdem, Alpaslan and Öztürk, Ahmet Erdi (eds.), UK: Edinburgh University Press, September 2023

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "An impasse in Turkey's relations with the European Union: the interplay of democratic lapse and external differentiated integration", One Hundred Years of Turkish Foreign Policy (1923-2023): Historical and Theoretical Reflections, Özkeçeci-Taner, Binnur and Akgül Açıkmeşe, Sinem (eds.), London: Palgrave Macmillan Cham, September 2023, 55-73

Aydın Düzgit, Senem, "Dünyadaki örnekler ışığında Türkiye'de kutuplaşma", Türkiye Siyasetinin Sınırları: Siyasal Davranış, Kurumlar ve Kültür (Ersin Kalaycıoğlu'na Armağan), Carkoglu, Ali and Erdogan, Emre and Moral, Mert (eds.), İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, January 2023

Kuru, Mehmet, ""Muhteşem" bir iklim: 16. yüzyıl Anadolusu'nda demografi, toprak ve emek", İktidar Tohumları: Osmanlı Çevre Tarihi Üzerine İncelemeler, İnal, Onur and Köse, Yavuz (eds.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, December 2022

Aydın Düzgit, Senem, "Still a good governance exporter? Questioning EU's transformative power in the age of democratic decline", EU Good Governance Promotion in the Age of Democratic Decline, Soyaltın-Colella, Digdem (ed.), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Cham, September 2022, 283-293

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Cihangir Tetik, Damla, "Turkey and the European Union in the Middle East: potential for cooperation or continuing discord?", Routledge Handbook of EU-Middle East Relations, Bouris, Dimitris and Huber, Daniella and Pace, Michelle (eds.), London: Routledge, December 2021, 191-204

Yeğen, Oya, "Bağımsızlıktan 20. yüzyıla Latin Amerika'da anayasalar ve anayasa yapım süreçleri", Dünyanın Ters Köşesi: Latin Amerika: Tarih, Toplum, Kültür, Akgemci, Esra and Ateş, Kazım (eds.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, July 2021

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Rumelili, Bahar, "Contested identities: historicising and deconstructing representations in EU-Turkey relations", Turkey and the European Union: key dynamics and future scenarios, Saatçioğlu, Beken and Tekin, Funda (eds.), Berlin: Nomos Verlag, March 2021, 57-76

Altınordu, Ateş, "Uncivil populism in power: the case of Erdoğanism", Populism in the Civil Sphere, Alexander, Jeffrey C. and Kivisto, Peter and Sciortino, Giuseppe (eds.), Cambridge: Wiley, January 2021, 74-95

Ozil, Ayşe, "In the towns of western Anatolia at the time of the great war: Greek responses to the Ottoman boycott and the forced population movement", Not All Quiet on the Ottoman Fronts: Neglected Perspectives on a Global War, 1914-1918, Beşikçi, Mehmet and Somel, Akşin and Toumarkine, Alexandre (eds.), Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, December 2020, 101-118

Yeğen, Oya, "Debating the amendment-making rule: the rigidity vs. flexibility debate in the Turkish constitution-making process", The Failure of Popular Constitution Making in Turkey: Regressing Towards Constitutional Autocracy, Petersen, Felix and Yanaşmayan, Zeynep (eds.), Cambridge University Press, December 2019, 249-281

İkizoğlu Erensü, Aslı, "Bir geçiş şehrinde gitmeyi beklemek: zamanla yönetilmek, zamana direnmek", Beklerken: Zamanın Bilgisi ve Öznenin Dönüşümü, Biner, Zerrin Özlem and Biner, Özge (eds.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, October 2019

Aydın Düzgit, Senem, "The Islamist-Secularist divide and Turkey's descent into severe polarization", Democracies Divided: The Global Challenge of Political Polarization, Carothers, Thomas and O'Donohue, Andrew (eds.), Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, September 2019, 17-37

Demirsu Dı Bıase, İpek and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "The Turkish-EU cooperation on the refugee crisis: the Turkish perceptions in the parliamentary debates", Parliamentary Cooperation and Diplomacy in EU External Relations: An Essential Companion, Raube, Kolja and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Wouters, Jan (eds.), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, May 2019, 251-268

Aydın Düzgit, Senem, "Avrupa Birliği'nin dış ilişkilerinde kuramsal tartışmalar", Hukuki, Siyasi ve İktisadi Yönleriyle Avrupa Bütünleşmesinde Son Gelişmeler ve Türkiye-AB İlişkileri: Ataum 30.Yıl Armağanı, Baykal, Sanem and Akgül Açıkmeşe, Sinem and Akçay, Belgin and Çağrı, Erhan (eds.), Ankara: ATAUM (Avrupa Toplulukları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi), December 2018, 129-150

Yeğen, Oya, "Debating unamendability: deadlock in Turkey's constitution-making process", An Unamendable Constitution?: Unamendability in Constitutional Democracies, Albert, Richard and Oder, Bertil Emrah (eds.), Switzerland: Springer-Verlag, September 2018, 281-312

Özbay, Cenk, "İş antropolojisi", Kültür Denen Şey: Antropolojik Yaklaşımlar, Bartu Candan, Ayfer and Özbay, Cenk (eds.), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, May 2018, 126-144

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "Enlarging the European Union: member state preferences and institutional dynamics", Foreign Policies of EU Member States: Continuity and Europeanisation, Hadfield, Amelia and Manners, Ian and Whitman, Richard G. (eds.), London: Routledge, July 2017, 148-162

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Keyman, Fuat, "Turkey's unconsolidated democracy: the nexus between democratisation and majoritarianism in Turkey", Global Turkey in Europe III: Democracy, Trade, and the Kurdish Question in Turkey-EU Relations, Aydın-Düzgit, Senem and Huber, Daniela and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Keyman, Fuat and Tocci, Nathalie (eds.), Roma: Nuova Cultura, June 2015, 121-129

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "Conclusions: the future of Europe, differentiated integration and Turkey's role", Global Turkey in Europe II: Energy, Migration, Civil Society and Citizenship Issues in Turkey-EU Relations, Aydın-Düzgit, Senem and Huber, Daniela and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Keyman, Fuat and Tasci, Jan and Tocci, Nathalie (eds.), Rome, Italy: IAI (Istituto Affari Internazionali), April 2014, 215-220

Tasdemir, Esma F. Bilgin and Tandoğan, Zeynep and Akansu, S. Doğan and Kızılırmak, Fırat and Şen, Mehmet Umut and Akcan, Aysu and Kuru, Mehmet and Yanıkoğlu, Berrin, "Automatic transcription of Ottoman documents using deep learning", Sfikas, Giorgos and Retsinas, George (eds.), 16th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS 2024, Springer Cham, September 2024, 422-435

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Müller, Gustavo and Sus, Monika and Vandendriessche, Marie and Uzun, Ezgi and Picas, Anna Fonts and Martins, Maria, "Assessing the European Union's external action towards its strategic partners and formulating policy recommendations", ENGAGE (Envisioning a New Governance Architecture for a Global Europe), January 2024

Keating, Michael and Frommelt, Christian and Hix, Simon and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "External differentiation in the EU", Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, April 2022

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "External differentiated integration: the modalities of Turkey's opting into the European Union", European University Institute, Robert Schuman Paper, February 2021

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Königsbrun, Romana and Rumelili, Bahar and Chovanec, Johanna, "Between rapprochement and rejection: identity and cultural drivers in Europe-Turkey relations", Istanbul Policy Center, April 2019

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "The European Union and Turkey: transforming the European periphery into European borderlands", European University Institute Robert Schuman Paper Series, February 2016

Peterson, John and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, "Global governance: promise, patterns, prospects", Rome, Italy: Italian Institute of International Affairs, September 2014

Alkan, Mehmet Ö. and Ozil, Ayşe, 100. yılında Yunan arşiv kaynaklarında işgal Eskişehir'i, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, January 2023

Göker, Zeynep Gülru and Özbay, Cenk, beyond.istanbul (Mekânda Adalet ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet) / v.10, İstanbul: Mekanda Adalet Derneği, February 2021

Aydın-Düzgit, Senem and Kaliber, Alper, Introduction: encounters with Europe in an era of domestic and international turmoil: is Turkey a De-Europeanising candidate country?, Routledge (Taylor and Francis), April 2017

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Keyman, Fuat and Biehl Öztuzcu, Kristen Sarah, "Changing parameters of migration cooperation: beyond the EU-Turkey deal", December 2019

Okyay, Aslı Selin and Lavenex, Sandra and Krizic, Ivo and Aydın Düzgit, Senem, "External differentiation in migration: boosting or hollowing out the common EU policy?", November 2020, Sabancı University ID:Policy Papers No:10

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Keyman, Fuat, "The illiberal turn in advanced democracies", December 2017

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Balta, Evren, "Turkey after the July 15th Coup attempt: when elites polarize over polarization", April 2017

Aydın Düzgit, Senem and Chovanec, Johanna and Gülmez, Seçkin Barış and Rumelili, Bahar and Topal, Alp Eren, "Turkish and European identity constructions in the 1946-1999 period", March 2018

Danış, Didem and Biehl Öztuzcu, Kristen and Kablan, Enes, "Göç ve deprem III - İstanbul'a gelen depremzede mültecilere yönelik kabul ve dışlama mekanizmaları", June 2023

Biehl Öztuzcu, Kristen and Aslan, Özlem, "Migration and environment from a gender perspective: examples from civil society in Turkey", January 2022

Durceylan Kaygusuz, Esra and Filiztekin, Alpay and Göker, Zeynep Gülru, "Türkiye'de kadınların işgücüne katılımı: genel eğilimler, bölgesel ve demografik farklar, tutumlar", August 2024

Hatipoğlu, Emre and Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and Karakoç, Ekrem, "Explaining variation in public support to Turkey's EU accession: Turco-scepticism in Europe", July 2014